ESP32-S3搭建外网可访问的网络摄像头（内网穿透）

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% D  K( p# L: k% [8 Q, D本篇博文使用ESP32-S3搭建网络摄像头，相比较局域网摄像头，本篇博文将分享如何搭建外网可以访问的网络摄像头。
这主要是使用内网穿透技术，内网穿透是为了使具有某一个特定源 IP 地址和源端口号的数据包（这里指局域网摄像头）不被网络地址转换设备屏蔽而正确路由到内网主机。
! {$ X: g  f& o9 I* d' @主要流程分为两步：
1、先实现局域网访问网络摄像头；
2、在此基础，使用内网穿透的方式，搭建外网可访问的网络摄像头。
1
局域网摄像头
ESP32实现局域网摄像头的方式比较简单，驱动代码如下：

#include "esp_camera.h"#include
. E3 ]1 ~4 q2 z6 L6 a! w1 [) S//// WARNING!!! PSRAM IC required for UXGA resolution and high JPEG quality//            Ensure ESP32 Wrover Module or other board with PSRAM is selected//            Partial images will be transmitted if image exceeds buffer size////            You must select partition scheme from the board menu that has at least 3MB APP space.//            Face Recognition is DISABLED for ESP32 and ESP32-S2, because it takes up from 15 //            seconds to process single frame. Face Detection is ENABLED if PSRAM is enabled as well
// ===================// Select camera model// ===================//#define CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT // Has PSRAM// #define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S3_EYE // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_V2_PSRAM // M5Camera version B Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_ESP32CAM // No PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_UNITCAM // No PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_TTGO_T_JOURNAL // No PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_XIAO_ESP32S3 // Has PSRAM// ** Espressif Internal Boards **//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32_CAM_BOARD//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S2_CAM_BOARD//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S3_CAM_LCD#define CAMERA_MODEL_DFRobot_FireBeetle2_ESP32S3 // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_DFRobot_Romeo_ESP32S3 // Has PSRAM
#include "camera_pins.h"#include "DFRobot_AXP313A.h"
+ d" W1 B0 A4 s' L% q+ F# m+ |DFRobot_AXP313A axp;
// ===========================// Enter your WiFi credentials// ===========================const char* ssid = "";const char* password = "";
void startCameraServer();void setupLedFlash(int pin);
void setup() {  Serial.begin(115200);  Serial.setDebugOutput(true);  Serial.println();
: Q4 ]' G) k: [8 o: U, N9 P  while(axp.begin() != 0){    Serial.println("init error");    delay(1000);  }
  axp.enableCameraPower(axp.eOV2640);  // 给摄像头供电
  camera_config_t config;  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_sccb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_sccb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;  config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA;  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG; // for streaming  //config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_RGB565; // for face detection/recognition  config.grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_WHEN_EMPTY;  config.fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_PSRAM;  config.jpeg_quality = 12;  config.fb_count = 1;
. e& A* i, _$ p+ L" b! A; L7 _  // if PSRAM IC present, init with UXGA resolution and higher JPEG quality  //                      for larger pre-allocated frame buffer.  if(config.pixel_format == PIXFORMAT_JPEG){    if(psramFound()){      config.jpeg_quality = 10;      config.fb_count = 2;      config.grab_mode = CAMERA_GRAB_LATEST;    } else {      // Limit the frame size when PSRAM is not available      config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;      config.fb_location = CAMERA_FB_IN_DRAM;    }  } else {    // Best option for face detection/recognition    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_240X240;#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3    config.fb_count = 2;#endif  }
! g7 g/ ^" Y8 Q# }9 `, R7 Y#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE)  pinMode(13, INPUT_PULLUP);  pinMode(14, INPUT_PULLUP);#endif
  // camera init  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);  if (err != ESP_OK) {    Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);    return;  }
' p5 s0 f/ M7 t+ Y! k  U  sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();  // initial sensors are flipped vertically and colors are a bit saturated  if (s->id.PID == OV3660_PID) {    s->set_vflip(s, 1); // flip it back    s->set_brightness(s, 1); // up the brightness just a bit    s->set_saturation(s, -2); // lower the saturation  }  // drop down frame size for higher initial frame rate  if(config.pixel_format == PIXFORMAT_JPEG){    s->set_framesize(s, FRAMESIZE_QVGA);  }
#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE) || defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_ESP32CAM)  s->set_vflip(s, 1);  s->set_hmirror(s, 1);#endif
#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S3_EYE)  s->set_vflip(s, 1);#endif
// Setup LED FLash if LED pin is defined in camera_pins.h#if defined(LED_GPIO_NUM)  setupLedFlash(LED_GPIO_NUM);#endif
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);  WiFi.setSleep(false);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {    delay(500);    Serial.print(".");  }  Serial.println("");  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  [: `" P: Z3 N  startCameraServer();
  Serial.print("Camera Ready! Use 'http://");  Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());  Serial.println("' to connect");}
void loop() {  // Do nothing. Everything is done in another task by the web server  delay(10000);}
代码中有几点需要注意：

9 W6 L+ V; S5 I4 v1、宏定义选择适配的摄像头模式。

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// ===================// Select camera model// ===================//#define CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT // Has PSRAM// #define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP_EYE // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S3_EYE // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_V2_PSRAM // M5Camera version B Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WIDE // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_ESP32CAM // No PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_UNITCAM // No PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_TTGO_T_JOURNAL // No PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_XIAO_ESP32S3 // Has PSRAM// ** Espressif Internal Boards **//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32_CAM_BOARD//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S2_CAM_BOARD//#define CAMERA_MODEL_ESP32S3_CAM_LCD#define CAMERA_MODEL_DFRobot_FireBeetle2_ESP32S3 // Has PSRAM//#define CAMERA_MODEL_DFRobot_Romeo_ESP32S3 // Has PSRAM
2、无线路由器SSID和密码要填写正确。

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// ===========================// Enter your WiFi credentials// ===========================const char* ssid = "";const char* password = "";
3、给摄像头供电

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axp.enableCameraPower(axp.eOV2640);  // 给摄像头供电
3 s4 n' K0 r* l4、板卡需要外接天线，否则可能无法连接路由器。

$ z+ _% B4 q( M7 u编译下载程序到板卡中，确保局域网访问网络摄像头可正常使用。
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# f5 s( ?  [8 D  O  L; Q2 y内网穿透网络摄像头
+ w" q: Z4 j3 k, d8 J5 y内网穿透我们使用花生壳这款软件提供的内网穿透服务。
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# n( f+ O: l% `$ r在官网下载APP：https://hsk.oray.com/

下载安装完成后，在内网穿透服务点击新建映射，如下图所示：
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. x+ ~" W2 K8 C' e填写新建映射的基本信息，请注意内网主机和内网端口是局域网摄像头的主机和端口（端口默认为80） ，如下图所示：

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新建映射完成后，可以在APP看到新增的设备列表，如下图所示：
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$ [, m. }$ Q# @) y, V复制访问网址，在浏览器中打开：http://2j90962r69.goho.co:47918/

! j# O' _0 u% d- k9 \8 D即使不在同一个局域网内也可以正常访问摄像头啦。

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1 p  s: P, O: ?4 o8 h往期推荐HarmonyOS学习路之开发篇—Java UI框架(Position和AdaptiveBox layout)
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